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The Supreme Court in Kirby distinguished its prior decision holding that the pay owed for meal-break violations is a "wage hypertension from stress proven 75 mg triamterene. The Court of Appeal has held that this statute is procedural and applies to pending litigation hypertension first line discount triamterene 75 mg amex, thus depriving employers of attorney fees for cases they won that were filed before Section 218. The catalyst theory is available, however, only if the lawsuit had "some merit" and the plaintiff "engaged in a reasonable attempt to settle its dispute with the defendant prior to litigation. Where the plaintiff has failed to prevail on a claim that is distinct in all respects from his successful claims, the hours spent on the unsuccessful claim should be excluded in considering the amount of a reasonable fee. The Pellegrino decision is also notable for holding that the employer could not enforce a provision in its employment contract that shortened the deadline to sue. The Court of Appeal reasoned that shortening the limitations period was inconsistent with the fact that wage and hour laws protect unwaivable statutory rights supported by strong public policy. The Court of Appeal suggested that whether an employee was actually denied breaks was a damages question that did not preclude class certification. The Court of Appeal held that the class could be certified on a theory that the defendant unlawfully failed to adopt a policy authorizing and permitting breaks. The theory was that the defendant, as an alleged co-employer, had to ensure that the technicians knew of their break rights. The Supreme Court held that whether the defendant actually exercised varying degrees of control over the carriers was immaterial, because the proper inquiry is whether the defendant had the contractual right to control the worker. Rule 4-210 of the California Rules of Professional Conduct now permits an attorney to advance the costs of prosecuting or defending a claim and also permits repayment to be made contingent on the outcome of the matter. With potential risks far outweighing potential benefits, workers may well forego asserting their statutory wage and hour rights. We cannot believe the Legislature contemplated, much less intended, those consequences when it enacted section 496, subdivision (c). Issue California statutes Five employees, as to discrimination generally, and just one, as to harassment. Is it specifically unlawful to "aid, abet, incite, compel, or coerce" discrimination Is the employer automatically liable for a hostile environment created by a supervisor An employer can avoid liability by showing (1) it took reasonable steps to prevent and correct harassment and (2) plaintiff unreasonably failed to avail herself of the steps provided. An impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, considering whether, in the case of visual impairments, corrective lenses that would mitigate that limitation. Principally race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, disability, oppositional activity, and military service. Can an employer avoid a religious accommodation simply by showing that it would impose a cost that is more than de minimis To prevail under a statute prohibiting discrimination "because of" a protected status, must the plaintiff prove that the status was a "but for" cause of the adverse action, or can the plaintiff prevail merely by showing that the status was a "substantial motivating factor" Proof of a "substantial motivating factor" is enough, although the employer can avoid damages and reinstatement by pleading and proving a "same decision" defense. California authorizes many different types of health care providers to certify a disability, including as physicians, surgeons, marriage and family therapists, and acupuncturists, as well as "podiatrists, dentists, clinical psychologists, optometrists, chiropractors, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, clinical social workers, and physician assistants. For example, specifically excluded from the federal definition of disability are visual impairments that can be corrected by eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Indeed blood pressure medication muscle weakness discount triamterene 75 mg with mastercard, total spending on poor families with children has increased substantially since welfare reform heart attack 20s generic 75mg triamterene with amex. Caseloads Cash assistance caseloads declined more than most observers had predicted when welfare reform was being debated. The national caseload fell from about 5 million families per month in 1994 to about 2. In addition, the composition of the caseload is different than it was in 1996, with higher proportions of cases where the mother is exempt from work requirements because she is pregnant or has a child under three months and where the cases contain no adults. When the unemployment rate increased, they did not move these funds back to cash assistance because state revenues fell dramatically during the recession. Employment and Disconnection from Employment Moving recipients from welfare to work was a key goal of the 1996 reform. In 1993, 58 percent of low-income mothers were employed at some time during the year, but by 2000, nearly 75 percent were working (Haskins, 2006). Whereas threequarters of former recipients worked at some point in the year following welfare exit, only one-third worked in all four calendar quarters (Acs & Loprest, 2004). For example, many Wisconsin welfare leavers reported quitting jobs when they or a child became ill or they became pregnant (Collins & Mayer, 2010). Compared with single mothers who have earnings or cash assistance, the disconnected have a greater number of employment barriers, such as health and mental health problems, experiences of domestic violence, and learning disabilities (Turner, Danziger, & Seefeldt, 2006). Some disconnected mothers rely on family members, boyfriends, and the fathers of their children for support, but this help is often unstable (Seefeldt & Sandstrom, 2015). Poverty Research on the extent to which welfare reform reduced poverty on its own is mixed, even though child poverty did decline after welfare reform. Some studies report small to substantial income gains for mothers who left welfare for work (Danziger et al. Some former recipients who had stable jobs were reluctant to take promotions at higher wages because they interfere with child care and other family demands (Seefeldt, 2008). Also, even when work paid more than welfare, some single mothers expressed concerns about having less time and energy for their children (London et al. In his recent review, Ziliak (2015) concludes that "taken together, the results from leaver studies, demonstrations, and from national samples suggest that many women were worse off financially after welfare reform, especially at the bottom of the distribution. The post-welfare reform declines in poverty for black children were also large, from 39. These child poverty trends include both the children of the working poor, for whom the safety net is now stronger than it was in 1996, and those of the nonworking poor, for whom it is now weaker. If government noncash-income benefits are added, while the percentage in extreme poverty falls in both years, extreme poverty still increases from 1. Child Well-being There is relatively little research on the extent to which welfare reform affected child well-being, in part because effects may not be evident for many years. Johnson, Kalil, and Dunifon (2012) examine the relationship between maternal employment patterns of former welfare recipients and the behavioral and academic outcomes of their children. They find detrimental associations between child behavior and academic achievement if the mothers worked in unstable jobs, had fluctuating work hours, or required full-time employment. However, in the minority of cases where former recipients had good jobs, "the negative consequences of long work hours are completely offset when this work experience is in jobs that require cognitive skills that lead to higher wage growth prospects. First, the post-welfare reform safety net that reduced public benefits for the nonworking, nondisabled poor and increased them for the working poor was more successful when jobs were readily available in the late 1990s and much less successful in recent years when unemployment was high. Second, welfare reform and the related policy changes have had heterogeneous effects. Some families are better off financially under the new safety net-particularly those who maintain stable employment across the business cycle. Others, however, are worse off-particularly those who have barriers to employment, such as health and mental health problems and few labor market skills. But the reform alone contributed to the increase in disconnected mothers and households with extreme low cash incomes. But given the many publications summarized in Ziliak (2015), we conclude that the high marks given to the 1996 reform at its 10-year anniversary are much lower as we approach its 20-year anniversary.

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Children came from low- to lower-middle class socioeconomic backgrounds and ranged in age from 8 to 11 years (Mean: 9 arteria carotis externa discount triamterene 75mg online. Data were collected at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the school year spanning 8 months heart attack lyrics one direction cheap triamterene 75 mg mastercard. A logistic regression was run to predict excellent health (maintainers and increasers from T1) at T2. With the increased penetration of mobile phones even in areas that lack basic infrastructure, mHealth interventions can fill the gap to disseminate public health interventions across a population. A parallel cohort design was used to prospectively investigate the effect of a text messaging program (mDiabetes) on change in diabetes-related health behaviors. Nokia subscribers in India were asked to opt-in to the mDiabetes program on their mobile devices. One million subscribers chose to receive 56 messages in their choice of 12 languages over 6 months. The intervention group (n=982) was randomly selected from those one million subscribers. Control participants (n=943) were randomly chosen from a list of subscribers to non-Nokia mobile phone providers. Blinded assessors phone interviewed participants about their health behaviors at baseline and 6 months later. Those assigned to receive text messages showed greater improvement on a health behavior index score over 6 months versus those who did not F(1, 1238) = 30. Further, declines in health behaviors were evident in the control group as compared to the intervention group. Method: Participants included 739 fourth graders from 9 central Texas schools (m age=9. Future research should focus on different forms of these lessons to maximize impact. This reflected an increase in: a) lesson contexts of fitness activities and game play; and b) teacher interactions of promoting fitness, and managing. Decreases were found in teacher interactions in demonstrating fitness, instructing, and observing. Interventions to promote a healthy lifestyle in adolescents have had limited effects. Conclusions School-based mindfulness training for adolescents is feasible and acceptable and showed preliminary indications of a beneficial effect on healthy behaviors. However, these protective and risk factors have not been examined together in relationship to depression. The prevalence of depression was 34%, 27%, 20%, and 17% across quartiles from low to high spirituality, respectively (p <. Conclusion: Across a range of exposures to adverse childhood experiences, higher levels of spirituality are associated with a lower risk of depression. Spirituality may mitigate the impact of childhood adversity on depression in adulthood. Spirituality in eating disturbance and body image disturbance has received increased research attention. Incorporating spiritual resources into treatment has enhanced recovery for some patients. In research examining religious comfort and strain, anger towards God has been identified as an important dimension of religious strain. It was hypothesized that religious comfort and anger toward God would be positively and negatively associated with reduced eating disordered symptoms, respectively, on admission and discharge. This study included 275 patients who were treated in residential, partial, and intensive outpatient eating disordered treatment settings. On admission, religious comfort was negatively associated with drive for thinness, r (266) = -. At discharge, only anger towards God was positively associated with eating concerns, as assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire subscale, r(98) =.

Further analyses were conducted with a combined group of clients who reported complete or partial (C/P) bans to address sample size limitations pulse pressure 36 generic triamterene 75mg free shipping. These results suggested that home smoking bans increase the likelihood of quitting tobacco pulse pressure factors cheap triamterene 75 mg on-line. In addition to coaching and other cessation aides, quitlines should educate and support tobacco users in creating smoke-free environments as part of a comprehensive quit plan. Methods: In a pilot randomized trial, current smokers were randomized to receive a daily email message tailored using a traditional rule-based (n=46) or a collective-intelligence-based approach (n=74). Tailored messages were sent for 65 days or until smokers had provided on a 5 point Likert scale thirty ratings on the influence of the message (Does this message influence you to quit smoking Collective Intelligence smokers rated their messages as slightly more influential (mean rating: 4. Additionally, 79% of intervention smokers agreed/strongly agreed that the messages influenced them to quit smoking (compared to 62% of the control; p=0. At follow-up, 36% of intervention smokers stopped smoking for one day or longer because they were trying to quit, as compared with 32% of control smokers. Conclusion: Results indicate that the collective-intelligence approach was at least equivalent, and trended toward more positive experiences and outcomes but needs larger studies to assess true impact. Thus it is essential for health researchers and practitioners to better understand how smokers utilize mobile applications to improve their health. The primary aims of this study are to (1) assess differences in mobile media usage between smokers and non-smokers and (2) to examine the relationship between quitting-related perceptions/history and mobile health apps usage among smokers. First we compared smokers and non-smokers in terms of their mobile media usage patterns: smokers: 15. We found that smaller proportions of smokers have smartphones such as iPhone, Android, Blackberry, etc. We also found that smaller portions of smokers have tablet computes such as iPad, Samsung Galaxy, etc. Next we performed a series of cross-tabulations to examine the relationship between quitting-related history/perceptions and mobile health applications usage among smokers (n = 547). Our bivariate analyses revealed that smokers who have stopped smoking for one day or longer in the past year were more likely to have the mobile apps related to health that led them to ask a doctor new question or to get second opinion from another doctor (2 = 4. However the analyses found that there was no significant association between mobile apps usage and intent to quit smoking. The study findings indicate that mobile apps usage and patterns are correlated with perceptions and behaviors to improve health, suggesting that mobile apps can be effective tools to promote and facilitate quitting smoking. Health care providers can be credible sources of information and can promote smoking behavior change among their clients by capitalizing on teachable moments during client-provider interactions. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of quit outcomes and whether mode of entry (provider referral vs. Direct entry logistic regression was used to predict quit status at 7-month follow-up. Moreover, given that program utilization and smoking bans influence quit rates, quitlines could tailor services so as to (a) maximize frequency of counseling contact, (b) increase program support, and (c) change social contingencies around smoking, approaches that may improve quit outcomes within this high-risk group. Concerns about weight gain, negative body image, and low self-efficacy may be key factors affecting smoking, diet, and exercise behavior of women. A multi-behavioral approach, including diet and physical activity, may be more effective at helping women quit. Guided imagery has been successfully employed to address body image concerns and selfefficacy in smoking cessation, diet and exercise. While imagery is an effective therapeutic tool for behavior change, the mode of delivery has generally been in-person which offers limited reach. Our primary outcomes are self-reported 7-day point prevalence and prolonged abstinence at 30- and 90-days. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, diet, weight, weight concerns, body image and self-efficacy.

References:

• https://www.animal-reproduction.org/article/5b5a6056f7783717068b46db/pdf/animreprod-9-3-182.pdf
• https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/documentation/HEC-RAS%205.0%20Applications%20Guide.pdf
• https://chfs.ky.gov/agencies/dph/dmch/nsb/Documents/ClinicalNutritionandBreastfeedingSupport.pdf